[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.mach4.cz\/instrumentalni-hudba-ve-stredoveku\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.mach4.cz\/instrumentalni-hudba-ve-stredoveku\/","headline":"Instrument\u00e1ln\u00ed hudba ve st\u0159edov\u011bku","name":"Instrument\u00e1ln\u00ed hudba ve st\u0159edov\u011bku","description":"N\u00e1strojov\u00e1 hudba m\u011bla p\u016fvodn\u011b charakter improviza\u010dn\u00ed. Byly v\u0161ak p\u011bstov\u00e1ny i jednoduch\u00e9 hudebn\u00ed formy, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly souvislost s\u00a0tancem. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed dochovanou st\u0159edov\u011bkou skladbou je Kalenda maya, p\u016fvodem n\u011bkdy kolem roku 1200, kterou zkomponoval trubad\u00far Raimbault de Vaqueiras k\u00a0oslav\u011b 1. m\u00e1je. Podle n\u00e1zor\u016f ve st\u0159edov\u011bku byla instrument\u00e1ln\u00ed (n\u00e1strojov\u00e1) hudba m\u00e9n\u011b hodnotnou ne\u017e hudba vok\u00e1ln\u00ed. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm n\u011bkter\u00e9 c\u00edrkevn\u00ed kruhy byly tohoto n\u00e1zoru. Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed postaven\u00ed…","datePublished":"2025-02-27","dateModified":"2023-05-01","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.mach4.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.mach4.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/774cfd57496a9f02284489749b4229073861faca9d8a66df7d65507a77c5d31f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/774cfd57496a9f02284489749b4229073861faca9d8a66df7d65507a77c5d31f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"mach4.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.mach4.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a336641_w2039_t1549995229.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.mach4.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a336641_w2039_t1549995229.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.mach4.cz\/instrumentalni-hudba-ve-stredoveku\/","wordCount":462,"articleBody":"N\u00e1strojov\u00e1 hudba m\u011bla p\u016fvodn\u011b charakter improviza\u010dn\u00ed. Byly v\u0161ak p\u011bstov\u00e1ny i jednoduch\u00e9 hudebn\u00ed formy, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly souvislost s\u00a0tancem. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed dochovanou st\u0159edov\u011bkou skladbou je Kalenda maya, p\u016fvodem n\u011bkdy kolem roku 1200, kterou zkomponoval trubad\u00far Raimbault de Vaqueiras k\u00a0oslav\u011b 1. m\u00e1je.Podle n\u00e1zor\u016f ve st\u0159edov\u011bku byla instrument\u00e1ln\u00ed (n\u00e1strojov\u00e1) hudba m\u00e9n\u011b hodnotnou ne\u017e hudba vok\u00e1ln\u00ed. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm n\u011bkter\u00e9 c\u00edrkevn\u00ed kruhy byly tohoto n\u00e1zoru. Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed postaven\u00ed hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f na hudebn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje bylo velice \u0161patn\u00e9. C\u00edrkev proti nim \u010dasto horlila a kritizovala jejich zp\u016fsob \u017eivota. Situace doch\u00e1zela tak daleko, \u017ee instrumentalist\u016fm byly odm\u00edt\u00e1ny sv\u00e1tosti a k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd poh\u0159eb.V\u00a0pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm st\u0159edov\u011bku za\u010dali hudebn\u00edci zakl\u00e1dat r\u016fzn\u00e9 samostatn\u00e9 korporace, schvalovan\u00e9 panovn\u00edky zem\u00ed, v\u00a0nich\u017e se vytv\u00e1\u0159ely, aby zlep\u0161ily sv\u00e9 spole\u010densk\u00e9 postaven\u00ed.Jakmile o instrument\u00e1ln\u00ed hudbu projevilo z\u00e1jem \u0159eholn\u00ed i sv\u011btsk\u00e9 duchovenstvo, situace se radik\u00e1ln\u011b zm\u011bnila. V\u00fdznam hudby ve spole\u010dnosti postupn\u011b nar\u016fstal, a\u017e v\u00a0pozdn\u00edm ryt\u00ed\u0159sk\u00e9m st\u0159edov\u011bku zaujala d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 m\u00edsto v\u00a0kulturn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b a za\u010dala b\u00fdt pokl\u00e1d\u00e1na za v\u00fdznamnou sou\u010d\u00e1st vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed.Nejstar\u0161\u00ed a nejrozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1strojovou skupinou byly bic\u00ed n\u00e1stroje. Od prav\u011bku se a\u017e do st\u0159edov\u011bku dochval buben. Ze \u0160pan\u011blska se roz\u0161i\u0159ovaly kastan\u011bty. Tambur\u00edna byla baskick\u00fdm n\u00e1rodn\u00edm n\u00e1strojem. S\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161ly z\u00a0Ar\u00e1bie do Evropy tymp\u00e1ny.Z\u00a0dechov\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f byla zn\u00e1ma zobcov\u00e1 fl\u00e9tna, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b sv\u016fj p\u016fvod (ji\u017e v\u00a0obdob\u00ed p\u0159edhistorick\u00e9m) ve vrbov\u00e9 p\u00ed\u0161\u0165alce. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e1 fl\u00e9tna poch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0doby ran\u00e9ho st\u0159edov\u011bku. Velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam ve st\u0159edov\u011bku m\u011bly r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy trub. Pou\u017e\u00edvaly se p\u0159i loveck\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostech, ve v\u00e1lce apod.Drnkac\u00ed n\u00e1stroje p\u0159e\u0161ly z\u00a0antiky do st\u0159edov\u011bku v\u00a0podob\u011b kithary a lyry. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Arab\u016f se na Pyrenejsk\u00e9m poloostrov\u011b objevily n\u00e1stroje loutnov\u00e9ho typu \u2013 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm loutna.Smy\u010dcov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, jak je zn\u00e1me dnes, se postupn\u011b vyvinuly ze st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch smy\u010dcov\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f zvan\u00fdch rebec a vielle.Z\u00a0antick\u00e9ho \u0158ecka p\u0159e\u0161ly do st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 Evropy varhany. Ty byly p\u016fvodn\u011b hydraulick\u00e9, ale st\u0159edov\u011bk je pou\u017e\u00edval jako pneumatick\u00e9. V\u00a0Irsku a Anglii byly ryze chr\u00e1mov\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem. Do v\u00fdchodn\u00edch c\u00edrkv\u00ed v\u0161ak varhany nepronikly.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3.6\/5 - (8 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Instrument\u00e1ln\u00ed hudba ve st\u0159edov\u011bku","item":"https:\/\/www.mach4.cz\/instrumentalni-hudba-ve-stredoveku\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]